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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have a long track record of high response, excellent tolerability and safety across the entire lifespan. It is crucial to find the right dosage and medication that eases your child's or your own symptoms without causing any side consequences. This may require a lot of trial and error, as well as an open dialogue with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system. They are extensively used as enhancement of cognitive and performance by students, athletes, artists, and workers. They are also used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge eating disorder and some anxiety disorders. The most commonly used stimulant medications are amphetamines and methylphenidates. FDA-approved prescription stimulants come in both extended-release and immediate-release formulations. Immediate-release medication is usually taken every 4 hours. If they are not taken as often, they can cause sudden and temporary drop in energy. The crash may cause extreme hunger, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medications can also raise blood pressure and heartbeat in certain people. This is especially the case when they don't take enough food. Extended-release drugs are designed to release their active ingredients over a time of between 8 and 16 hours. Your doctor might suggest this type of medication if you are looking for long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take a pill multiple times per day. Methylphenidate medications in the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another alternative is the methylphenidate long-acting patch known as Daytrana, which sticks to the skin as a band-aid and lasts throughout the day. This kind of medication can be prescribed to adults with ADHD and need a daily dosage that lasts longer than the immediate-release options. Stimulant medications do not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by improving the way neurons in the brain communicate. By blocking or binding their receptors they can alter the levels of neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine, in the brain. This permits the release of more neurotransmitters which improves the transmission and reception of messages between neurons. In addition to stimulants, doctors can prescribe antidepressants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants prescribed by doctors for ADHD affect the norepinephrine and dopamine levels in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibiters are a great choice for people suffering from anxiety or depression. These medications are usually mixed with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Other reasons your doctor might switch you between stimulant and non-stimulant medications are if your old medication isn't working or it has undesirable side effects. Long-acting Stimulants aid in the treatment of 70% to 80% of children and adults with ADHD. They help reduce symptoms like talking to others and fidgeting. They also enhance job performance and social skills. The stimulant medication starts working once it has crossed the blood-brain barriers that can take 45 to 60 minutes. They increase the levels dopamine and Norepinephrine within brain cells, which reduces the amount of hyperactivity and impulseivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medications contain two molecules: the methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). The stimulants can trigger side effects such as stomach upset decreased appetite, elevated heart rate and blood pressure headaches, as well as nervousness or anxiety. They can also make tics worse and can cause problems sleeping in some people. Long-acting stimulants, such as Strattera or Wellbutrin, can be used both at night and day. Short-acting medications only last a few hours. They can also be employed to treat other conditions like anxiety or depression. The medications affect the way your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine within the brain, along with other neurotransmitters. If these chemicals aren't broken down into smaller pieces, they remain in your body for a longer time and can affect your thinking and behavior. Long-acting medications can have fewer negative effects. Your doctor will prescribe smaller doses of the drugs that you consume throughout the day. Some stimulants come in extended-release form that you can take once every day. Some adults might find this more convenient, but you should still be sure to take your stimulants each day. Other medications have been found to be effective in treating many people suffering from ADHD, including selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These medications are usually prescribed to treat anxiety or depression however they can also be prescribed for ADHD. About 70% of patients respond to these medications. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is another SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been shown to be more effective than placebos in one controlled study. These drugs can cause serious side effects, such as ringing of the ears, anxiety and changes in vision, heart and lung function. Short-acting Stimulant medication reduces ADHD symptoms by increasing levels dopamine and norepinephrine that are present in the brain. These are the two chemicals that help people focus and manage their behavior. They are available in numerous varieties, and each has its own brand name such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two main types of stimulant medicines amphetamines and methylphenidates. All have similar effects but differ in the length of their effect. The methylphenidates are less effective; they can last up to three hours, whereas amphetamines provide longer-lasting effects. Certain individuals are better able to tolerate stimulant drugs that have a long-acting effect than those with short-acting stimulants and therefore, your doctor might prescribe this kind of drug. It is important to learn all you can about the drug that you are taking, including the potential side effects, how often it should be taken, and any specific warnings that must be observed. This will allow you to work with your physician in determining the appropriate medication and dose for you. It is important to know that these medications may cause certain negative side effects, including problems sleeping or a loss of appetite. If these occur, talk to your doctor about adjusting the dosage or trying other medications. Adults with ADHD who are unable to respond to stimulants well are treated with non-stimulant drugs. These medicines require longer time to work, but improve the ability to pay attention and control impulses. medications for adhd in adults can be prescribed on their own or in conjunction with stimulants. Atomoxetine, also known as Strattera or Qelbree, is the first. It increases dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex that regulates the behavior. Guanfacine, also referred to as Intuniv is part of the class of drugs known as alpha-agonists. These drugs work by preventing Reuptake and increasing levels of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine, originally developed to treat high blood pressure, has been shown to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations There are a number of drug combinations used by people who suffer from ADHD. These include stimulants with depressant-type drugs such as clonidine and guanfacine. These drugs are calming for the brain and can help reduce symptoms like insomnia and aggressive behavior. They also aid in preventing withdrawal symptoms that can result from stimulants. This combination could be risky, however, if it is not used properly. Combining two stimulants at the same time increases the risk of serotonin syndrome, which is a type of drug emergency that happens when the body is overloaded with excessive serotonin. This combination can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure. People with heart disease or high blood pressure are at greater chance of experiencing adverse reactions from this drug. Teenagers and young adults are increasingly taking stimulant-based combinations. These drugs, which are available in pharmacies, are often called “legal highs”. They are also available on the black market. These substances are dangerous, especially if they are combined with alcohol or other substances. This is known as polydrug usage and can be extremely dangerous. Mixing drugs can have unpredictable and harmful consequences. This includes an increase in heart rate, slowed respiration, hallucinations, and paranoia. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy for treating ADHD, according to a study. Combining medications helped improve adherence and helped patients achieve greater symptom relief than monotherapy. However there were many patients who stopped their treatment due to adverse effects. In a few instances it was reported that the medication was withdrawn due to sleep issues or worsening tics. This could be the result of a poor diagnosis, or a lack of access to medication. Nonstimulants are a different treatment option for ADHD. They can be effective in enhancing the quality of attention and impulse control however, they do not perform as well as stimulants. They are also less likely to inhibit growth and alter appetite. Certain antidepressants may also be prescribed for ADHD. However they have a less chance of improving focus and concentration. Several studies have shown that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be used together to achieve better results than either drug alone. Combining these two medications was proven to increase adherence and decrease adverse effects in the majority of people. The combination was also effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a viable option for children with severe ADHD.